Iran unrest escalates as Washington weighs strong options and Tehran warns of retaliation

By Tahani Elghazaly
Published January 12, 2026

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U.S. President Donald Trump said the United States is weighing a range of responses to escalating unrest in Iran, including possible military options, as large protests continue across the country

Reuters reported the protests began on Dec 28 following a sharp currency slide and high inflation, then broadened into demonstrations with political slogans.

Iran has imposed a broad internet blackout, making independent verification of events and casualty figures difficult, Reuters said, citing a statement from Iran communications ministry that the shutdown was ordered by security authorities.

Casualty estimates vary widely. Reuters cited HRANA as documenting at least 62 deaths by Jan 9. Later reports attributed to HRANA cited far higher figures and thousands of arrests, though verification remains difficult amid the blackout and restrictions.

Iran Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said in a televised address he would not back down and accused protesters of acting on behalf of groups abroad and the United States, while a prosecutor warned of possible death sentences.

Iran Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf warned that any U.S. attack would make Israel as well as U.S. bases and ships in the region legitimate targets, Reuters reported.

Iran Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Iran is prepared for war but open to fair negotiations, with reports saying communication lines remain open through intermediaries.

In Washington, Reuters reported U.S. officials are expected to brief Trump on options including cyber operations and possible military action, while some senators cautioned that intervention could unite Iranians behind the authorities.